Governmental and Regulatory Infrastructure
A properly established legal and governmental framework provides for the regulation of facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks and for the clear assignment of responsibilities. The government is responsible for the adoption within its national legal system of such legislation, regulations, and other standards and measures as may be necessary to fulfil all its national responsibilities and international obligations effectively, and for the establishment of an independent regulatory body.
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Safety of Research Reactors
The objective of the safety of research reactors is to protect workers, members of the public and the environment against radiation hazards by proper operating conditions, the prevention of accidents and, should accidents occur, the mitigation of the radiological consequences.
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Safety of Nuclear Power Plants
The safety of a nuclear power plant is ensured by means of its proper siting, design, construction and commissioning, followed by the proper management and operation of the plant. In a later phase, proper decommissioning is required
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Emergency Preparedness and Response
The primary goals of preparedness and response for a nuclear or radiation emergency are: to ensure that arrangements are in place for an effective response at the scene and, as appropriate, at the local, regional, national and international levels, to a nuclear or radiation emergency; to ensure that, for reasonably foreseeable incidents, radiation risks would be minor; for any incidents that do occur, to take practical measures to mitigate any consequences for human life and health and the environment.
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Radioactive Waste Management
Radioactive waste must be managed in such a way as to avoid imposing an undue burden on future generations; that is, the generations that produce the waste have to seek and apply safe, practicable and environmentally acceptable solutions for its long term management. The generation of radioactive waste must be kept to the minimum practicable level by means of appropriate design measures and procedures, such as the recycling and reuse of material
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Education and Training
The establishment of sustainable education and training programmes are fundamental to safety to ensure that proper skills are acquired and that adequate levels of competencies are achieved and maintained.
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